Part 1 of this mini-series discussed a basic definition of trauma. For part 2, we’re going to dive deeper into the four primary trauma responses. Effects of a traumatic experience can range from mild to severe. Some people have minimal effects from trauma and recover easily with time. In contrast, other individuals may have such severe difficulties that their symptoms rise to the level of Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD). In his book Complex PTSD: From Surviving to Thriving, Pete Walker highlighted four “F” responses that come from trauma. These are Fight, Flight, Freeze, and Fawn. While this book discusses several severe forms of trauma response, these “Fs” are also applicable to less intense experiences. These responses are natural reactions to stress and describe ways people try to calm down. Let’s dig in to each of these trauma responses, explaining each one and proposing adaptive possibilities for each reaction.

FIGHT

Not too surprising, the Fight response can be described as an aggressive reaction to a threat. Web MD suggests that a person’s fight response occurs when a person believes they can overpower the danger. This includes such physical signs as clenched fists, stomping and kicking, and preparation for a physically attack. The purpose of the the Fight response is to set boundaries and assert oneself.

FLIGHT

Next, the Flight response occurs when a person flees symbolically. Walker indicates the person launches “into hyperactivity” to escape. Web MD suggests that this response can occur when a person does not believe they can overpower the threat. Instead, they think it is best to avoid the threat. Signs of this response include excessive exercise, fidgeting, insomnia, and feeling restless. This is a person trying to be more efficient.

FREEZE

Have you ever felt frozen in the face of peril? The Freeze response occurs, according to Walker, when a person realizes that resistance will be unsuccessful and succumbs to the threat. This can involve numbing out or disassociating. Web MD highlights physical signs like pale skin, a sense of dread, and feeling stiff. At its best, this response can create a sense of peace.

FAWN

Many of us have heard of fight, flight, and freeze as stress responses. In 2014, Walker introduced a fourth response called Fawn. The Fawn response happens when a person acts pleasing or helpful to whatever threatens them. This is attempted at appeasing the threat. Web MD indicates physical signs like over-agreement and excessive helpfulness. At its best, this response can spur aid to others.
Hybrid Responses
Walker also posits that response types can merge and has identified Fight-Fawn, Flight-Freeze, and Fight-Freeze Hybrids. These types combine response traits and behaviors. Being aware of the manifestation of our responses is important to the ability to manage them.

Takeaway

Ultimately, acknowledging your default survival mechanism is an important first step. This begins to tackle your difficulties and manage stressors. Nonetheless, if you feel that your traumatic stress responses are creating unmanageable difficulties, seek out a therapist who is trauma-informed. When a therapist is trauma-informed, they understand the potential impacts of trauma. A trauma-informed therapist tailors interventions based on the individual’s trauma history, triggers, and specific needs.

Recommended Resources:

Complex PTSD: From Surviving to Thriving: A Guide and Map for Recovering from Childhood Trauma by Pete Walker

Workbook for Complex PTSD: From Surviving to Thriving by Pete Walker: A Guide and Map for Recovering from Childhood Trauma by Wright Publishers